Q: What is a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack?
A: A DoS attack aims to disrupt the availability of services by overwhelming a system with excessive traffic or service requests.

Q: What are the common types of DoS attacks?
A: Flooding attacks, service exploitation, and resource consumption.

Q: What distinguishes a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack from a DoS attack?
A: A DDoS attack involves multiple compromised computers (botnets) to launch coordinated attacks on a single target, making it harder to trace and more impactful.

Q: What is a TCP Sack Panic Attack?
A: An attack that exploits vulnerabilities in Linux systems' TCP Selective Acknowledgment (SACK) to cause kernel panic and DoS.

Q: What are some mitigation strategies for DoS attacks?
A: Vulnerability patching, firewalls and filtering, DDoS protection services, and incident response plans.

Q: What was significant about the Microsoft Azure DDoS attack in August 2021?
A: It was a 2.4 Tbps UDP reflection attack that significantly impacted service availability for over 10 minutes but was mitigated by Azure's DDoS protection platform.

Q: Name some tools used for launching DoS and DDoS attacks.
A: High Orbit Ion Cannon (HOIC), Low Orbit Ion Cannon (LOIC), and mobile tools like LOIC and AnDOSid.

Q: What is a Distributed Reflection DoS (DRDoS) attack?
A: An attack that involves multiple intermediary machines reflecting attack traffic to the target, exploiting the TCP three-way handshake process.

Q: What is a Ransom DDoS (RDDoS) attack?
A: Attackers threaten to launch a DDoS attack unless a ransom is paid, often demonstrating their capabilities with a sample attack.

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